Cetatea-Fortress Enisala

Cetatea Enisala

A fost ridicata de puterea imperiala bizantina si de cea comerciala genoveza la sfarsitul secolului al XIII-lea si la inceputul secolului al XIV-lea si ulterior inclusa in sistemul defensiv al Tarii Romanesti, iar mai apoi fiind transformata in garnizoana a Imperiului Otoman.
Abandonata de catre turci, cetatea s-a ruinat in urmatoarele veacuri, dar este singura cetate medievala care a supravietuit confruntarilor armate ruso-turce desfasurate pe teritoriul Dobrogei.
Partial reconstruita si avand un cochet drum de acces ce duce calatorul pana la poarta de intrare, Enisala, singura cetate medievala din Dobrogea, este pregatita sa isi redobandeasca, de aceasta data in pace, gloria de odinioara.
Este situată în vecinatatea satului Enisala, pe un deal ce domină peisajul, la intersecţia unor importante drumuri de apă şi de uscat, fiind construită pe cel mai înalt promontoriu situat între lacurile Babadag şi Razim.
Denumirea cetatii provine de la turcescul “yeni” (nou), respectiv regionalismul dobrogean “sale” (asezare, sat), adica asezare noua. Se pare ca turcii au preluat aceasta denumire de la unitatea administrativa de langa cetate, careia i se spunea Vicus Novus (Satul Nou), apoi Novoe Selo. In acelasi timp, cetatea este cunoscuta si sub denumirile Heraclia sau Heracleea.
Cetatea Enisala a fost construita cu scop militar, defensiv si de supraveghere de la inaltime a drumurilor de pe uscat si mai ales de pe apa, intr-o perioada in care gurile Cernet si Dunavat nu erau inca blocate, iar actualul lac Razim era inca golf al Marii Negre. Cetatea a fost ridicata de puterea imperiala bizantina si de cea comerciala genoveza la sfarsitul secolului al XIII-lea si la inceputul secolului al XIV-lea, secol in care a avut rol militar, politic si administrativ si mai putin economic, facand parte din lanţul de colonii genoveze care cuprindea oraşele Chilia şi Likostomion din Delta Dunării, Cetatea Albă de la gurile Nistrului, Caffa şi Balaclava din sudul Crimeei.

 
It was built by Byzantine imperial power and the Genoese trading in the late XIII and early XIV century and later included in the defense of the Romanian Country and then being transformed into garrison of the Ottoman Empire.Abandoned by the Turks, the city was ruined in the following centuries, but it is the only surviving medieval fortress Russo-Turkish armed confrontations unfolded on the territory of Dobrogea.Partially rebuilt with a chic traveler driveway leads up to the entrance gate Enisala only medieval citadel in Dobrogea, is ready to regain this time alone, to its former glory.Enisala Village neighborhood is located on a hill that dominates the landscape at the crossroads of water and land, built on the highest promontory situated between lakes Babadag and Razim.The name comes from the Turkish fortress "yen" (new) and Dobrogea regionalism "sale" (settlement, village), that new place. It seems that the Turks took this name from administrative unit near the city, which was called Vicus Novus (New Village), then Novoye Selo. Meanwhile, the city is known as Heraclia or Heracleea.Enisala Fortress was built with military purposes, defense and surveillance from above roads on land and especially water, in a period in which the mouths Cernet and Dunavat were still blocked, and the current lake Razim was still golf Black Sea. The fortress was built by Byzantine imperial power and the Genoese trading in the late thirteenth century and the beginning of the XIV century that took part militarily, politically and administratively and less economically part of the chain Genoese colony that included cities and Likostomion Chilia in the Danube Delta, Akkerman at the mouth of the Dniester, Caffa and Balaclava in southern Crimea.